Saint-Nazaire Submarine Base, Alvéole 14 France, Architecture Pictures, Architect, Building Images

Alvéole 14, Saint-Nazaire, France

French Submarine Building, Harbour basin of Saint-Nazaire design by LIN

28 Feb 2008

Alvéole 14

Transformation of a submarine base
Saint-Nazaire, France
Design: LIN Finn Geipel + Giulia Andi
Architects Urbanists

Aerial view

illustration : Adrian König

The transformation and restructuring of three cells at the submarine base in Saint-Nazaire into two event halls:
VIP – “Venue for contemporary music (Scène de Musiques Actuelles)” and
LiFE – “International centre for emerging art forms (Lieu international des Formes Emergentes)” and one public space.

Site: Alvéole 14, Quartier Ville Port, Saint-Nazaire, France
Client: City of Saint-Nazaire

Public street

photo : Jan-Oliver Kunze, LIN

The transformation of a submarine base in Saint-Nazaire into a public space for contemporary arts and music The raw, impressive existing structure was transformed with minimal interference. The project consists of two elements: LiFE and VIP. The street traversing the entire base creates interaction between the bunker cells.

The hall for the international centre for emerging art forms (LiFE) is a minimalistically equipped “Monospace”. It is situated in a former submarine basin and can be opened up towards the harbour through a large, retractable gate. VIP, a “venue for contemporary music”, occupies one of the volumes inside the bunker. A hall for 600 people was created in a simple cubic space enclosed by a steel frame, which also contains a bar, a balcony, and an archive.

A “light carpet” covers the internal street running along former tracks. The street connects the various spaces already in existence with newly created spaces. This “Gallery” possesses an enigmatic atmosphere. A staircase leads from the gallery, through the roof, to an experimental platform. A geodesic dome from the Berlin Tempelhof Airport serves here as a “think tank” for art and music projects.

Roof of the base – concrete grid

photo : Christian Richters

The harbour and the submarine base
The submarine base is located directly at the harbour of Saint-Nazaire at the mouth of the Loire River, about a kilometre from today’s city centre. Before the Second World War, this harbour was at the heart of the town centre. Transatlantic ocean liners set sail for South America from here.

The bunker was built exactly on this port basin between 1941 and 1943 under “Organisation Todt” as a submarine base for the German Navy. The scale of the bunker is enormous: 295 metres long, 130 metres wide and 15 to 19 metres high, covering an area of 3.7 hectares. The roof is made of reinforced concrete and is as thick as 4 to 9 metres.

The base is split into 14 submarine cells (alvéoles), of which eight were designed as dry docks and six as water basins. The basins are 11 metres high and 117 metres long, while the tanks inside measure 17 metres by 90 metres. The cells are connected inside through an intersecting “street” equipped with tracks. They were used originally for the transportation of machine parts.

Public street – stairs – entrace to ‘VIP’ and ‘LiFE’

photo : Christian Richters

The submarine base and the city
The central location in the old town made it the target of air raids from 1942 onwards, which destroyed 85% of the city. Reconstruction of the city began in 1949 further away from the harbour under the direction of the architect Noël Le Maresquier. The virtually unscathed bunker remained a powerful obstacle between the city and the harbour.

Bar of the ‘VIP’

photo : Christian Richters

Project “Ville-Port“
Since the 1990’s, the city of Saint-Nazaire has made efforts to revive the historical link between the city centre and the harbour. In 1991, lighting artist Yann Kersalé illuminated the industrial harbour with his project, “Nuit des Docks” In 1994, the urban planning project “Ville- Port” was started. Joël Batteux, the mayor of Saint-Nazaire, declared the base as central to the future development of the city.

In the first phase, under the direction of the Barcelonean architect, Manuel de Solà-Morales, four cells at the centre of the bunker were opened up and the roof was fitted with a ramp accessible to the public. At present, there are various projects under development on either side of the harbour, each encompassing different uses of the site (residential, commercial, and cultural). The second phase of the project “Ville- Port” is due to be completed by 2012.

Entrance of the ‘VIP’

photo : Christian Richters

Project “Alvéole 14“
This project seizes the site’s intrinsic qualities. The raw, impressive structure is transformed through minimal interference, enhancing the enigmatic atmosphere of the bunker cells. The cells are accessible from the outside through just a few entrances and the roof has also been made accessible. The capillary nature of these transformations contrasts starkly with the monolithic character of the existing space. The bunker becomes a site suitable and appealing for new uses.

Public street – sound studios

photo : Christian Richters

Project elements
I International centre for emerging art forms (Lieu international des Formes Emergentes) – LiFE II Venue for contemporary music (Scène de Musiques Actuelles) – VIP III Street IV Roof and radome The project consists of two cultural elements: LiFE and VIP. These elements create a connection between themselves through their common stance in terms of usage, space, and self-definition.

LiFE (I) is a “Mono-Space” for the experimentation, development, and presentation of new art forms. VIP (II) is a “venue for contemporary music”. Aside from the event hall, there is a bar and an archive in cell 14; recording studios and the office in cell 13. The street (III) traverses the entire bunker and creates interaction between each of the cells. The radome (IV) installed on the roof of the bunker is available to both LiFE and VIP.

Exterior view

photo : Jan-Oliver Kunze, LIN

The roof and the radome
The bunker is intrinsically ambivalent: it is at once a barrier and a hub. By invigorating the roof through a focal visual point and making it visually approachable, it has the potential to become one of the most important public sites of the city. The radome and the outside platform are positioned on the roof.

An opening in the bunker ceiling connects them to the inside of the bunker via a large stairway. The radome is a geodetic dome construction. It was in use as a covering for the strategic radar unit at the Berlin Tempelhof Airport from 1984 until 2003. Its aluminium frame makes up 298 triangles, each covered with a translucent membrane.

Public street

photo : Jan-Oliver Kunze, LIN

Street
New flooring and a “light carpet” define this public street running along the former tracks. The street connects the public spaces created by the project “Ville-Port I” (Ocean liner museum “Escal’ Atlantic”, Cells 8-11) with the new project in Cell 14, opening up the possibilities of new uses as it leads through the bunker.

Hall of the ‘LiFE’

photo : Jan-Oliver Kunze, LIN

Venue for contemporary music (Scène de Musiques Actuelles) – VIP As the street runs through the bunker, it approaches VIP’s “cube dense”, a threestory steel construction. VIP is to become a central hub of the action in the bunker and includes an event hall, a bar, an archive and several recording studios.

Public street – view into Alvéole 12

photo : Jan-Oliver Kunze, LIN

LIN run by Finn Geipel / Giulia Andi

Radome at Airport Berlin-Tempelhof, 2000

photo : Hans-Michael Földeak, LIN

Dismantling the radome
In July 2004, the radome was lifted from its original position on top of the tower at Tempelhof Airport with the help of a 120 metre high crane. It was subsequently dismantled into its basic triangular elements.

Dismantling the radome, 07/2004
Saint-Nazaire Submarine Base
photo : Archiv ESW Wedel

Reconstructing the radome
The radome was reconstructed on-site after being transported to Saint-Nazaire. On 27 January 2007, it was lifted onto the bunker roof with the help of a mobile crane.

Reconstruction the radome

photo : Jan-Oliver Kunze, LIN

“Think tank“
A room for experimentation intended in essence for conceptual and experimental working processes – a “think tank” in lightweight construction.

LIN, Finn Geipel + Giulia Andi, Berlin

Location: Saint-Nazaire, France